1993. Postdoctoral fellow. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Development of methods for the analysis of rare earth elements, zirconium, hafnium, protactinium, and thorium in natural waters by isotope dilution/thermal ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. Funded by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

1992–1993. Postdoctoral fellow. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA. Study of the aqueous geochemistry of the rare earth elements in Gull Pond (Wellfleet, MA), a seasonally anoxic freshwater lake. Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).

1992. Ph.D. in Marine Geochemistry. Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Dissertation: “Aqueous Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in Marine Anoxic Basins.”

1987. M.Sc. (cum laude) in Experimental Nuclear Physics. Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Thesis: “Angular Momentum Transfer Studies for the ²⁰Ne + ²⁰⁹Bi,²³²Th Reactions at 204.4 MeV.”

I AM CURRENTLY LOOKING FOR ONE Ph.D. STUDENT (to start in January 2010, click here) AND ONE OR TWO M.Sc. STUDENTS.

At present, I have two graduate students, Alison Straka and Kathleen Marshall. Alison was my first REU student in 2007 and started at CBL on an M.Sc. project in Fall 2008 after getting her B.Sc. in chemistry from Catholic University of America. She is fully funded by one of my NSF grants to study trace metal sorption on the marine green macroalga (seaweed) Ulva lactuca. By using a combination of spectrometric and batch chemical techniques, she is unraveling mechanisms of metal binding to algal tissue at the molecular level. We are initially focusing on the rather exotic, but theoretically more tractable, trivalent rare earth elements (REEs), but plan to eventually move on to more environmentally relevant divalent metals such as Cd²⁺ (toxic), Zn²⁺ (bioactive, but ostensibly non-toxic), and Sr²⁺ (ostensibly non-bioactive).

Kathleen also started her M.Sc. project at CBL in Fall 2008, after getting her B.Sc. in chemistry from the University of Louisville, KY. She is the recipient of a 2-year GEC graduate fellowship and her research is funded by my ACS Petroleum Research Fund grant. In a long series of challenging laboratory experiments she is studying how REE sorption from seawater on mixtures of algal debris and hydrated Fe and Mn oxides affects the redox chemistry of cerium (Ce) and whether this leaves a permanent sedimentary record that can be used to reconstruct oceanic paleo-redox conditions.

In addition I have hosted several undergraduate students in my group. Alina Ebling was my 2008 REU student, performing numerous grueling manual alkalimetric titrations of Ulva lactuca biomass, which have revealed that its sorptive properties are due to 3 (possibly 4) acid functional groups very similar to those found on bacteria, fungi, and certain vascular plants. A manuscript on which she is co-author has been submitted for publication in Environmental Science & Technology. Alina has since graduated from Kutztown University and is now pursuing an M.Sc. degree in the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University. Lauren Hunker (University of Minnesota Morris) continued Alina's work on an automatic titrator, as my 2009 REU student. She also investigated K⁺-, Ca²⁺-, and Cd²⁺-selective electrodes and REE chelation by the siderophore desferrioxamine-B mesylate (DFOB). Laura Russell (University of Maryland) spent the summer of 2008 in my laboratory as a paid volunteer, taking care of our continuous Ulva lactuca cultures.

In broad lines, my research interests are:

• Pathways of trace metals into marine ecosystems with an emphasis on laboratory and field studies of trace metal uptake by marine macroalgae
• Molecular models of trace metal sorption by hydrated organic and inorganic surfaces
• Ocean acidification
  
• Biogeochemistry of trace metals in the open ocean, estuaries, and euxinic systems
• Physical chemistry of trace metal complexation, precipitation, and diffusion
• Analytical geochemistry

I am fascinated by biogeochemical processes that control the cycling of a variety of trace metals in natural waters. Analytical techniques like inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), multi-channel dynamic potentiometric titration, and ion chromatography are used in my laboratory to study metals ranging from Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb etc., which are potentially toxic and of obvious environmental concern, to the less familiar rare earth and platinum group elements, which are favored as chemical probes because of their remarkably coherent properties. Many of my students actively participate in experimental work at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Advanced Photon Source (www.aps.anl.gov) in Argonne, IL. In a collaboration with University of South Florida, Washington University in St. Louis, and ANL scientists we investigate the coordination chemistry of individual metals on hydrated organic surfaces, using a synchrotron X-ray spectrometric technique known as Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS).

New research projects that are now under development in my laboratory are determinations of the stability constants of REE complexes with phosphate anions and metal chelates with DFOB, as well as a study of metal sorption on pteropod aragonite as a possible indicator of ocean acidification. Examples of recently completed projects include determination of the stability constants of REE complexes with sulfate anions; the effect of limestone dolomitization on the composition of saline, geothermal, submarine spring waters in Florida; celestite and barite solubility in the anoxic brine of Orca Basin (northern Gulf of Mexico); mercury methylation by halophilic sulfate-reducing proteobacteria; and the solubility of Na-bearing mixed yttrium/REE carbonate coprecipitates in seawater. See my publication list for more information.

2006–present. Assistant Professor of Aquatic Environmental Geochemistry. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.

2004–2006. Research Associate. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.

2000–2004. Consultant (ICP-MS Customer Training). Agilent Technologies, Inc.

1995–2004. Senior Chemist. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.

1994–1995. Research Assistant. Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.

17. Straka A.M. and J. Schijf (2009) Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) study of REE sorption on a marine macroalga. Abstracts with Programs 41(7), 328. Geological Society of America 2009 Annual Meeting. Abstract BTH 394.

16. Schijf J. (2009) How to catch pteropods and what we hope to learn from them regarding ocean acidification. Line P Workshop, Stewart Auditorium, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada, 3-4 March 2009. Download PowerPoint

15. Schijf J., A. Heyes, and M.T. Suzuki (2008) Evidence for bacterial mercury methylation at the interface of the anoxic Orca Basin brine. ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2-7 March 2008.

14. Straka A.M. and J. Schijf (2008) Sorption of yttrium and the rare earth elements on a marine macroalga. ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2-7 March 2008.

13. Schijf J. and A.M. Straka (2007) Sorption of yttrium and the rare earth elements on non-living macroalgal tissue. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 88(52). 2007 Fall Meeting Supplement. Abstract B12A-04.

12. Schijf J. (2007) Rubidium, strontium, bromide, and total iodine concentrations consolidate evidence for seawater dissolution of the Jurassic Louann Salt as the source of the Orca Basin brine. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 88(23). 2007 Joint Assembly Supplement. Abstract OS53B-03.

11. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2005) Systematic spatial variations of Ba and Sr enrichments over ambient seawater values in saline, geothermal, submarine springs on the West Florida Shelf. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69(10S), A133. Special Supplement: Abstracts of the 15^th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Moscow, ID, USA, May 20-25, 2005.

10. Byrne R.H., J. Schijf, K.A. Quinn and Y.-R. Luo (2004) Yttrium and rare earth element patterns in the environment: Imprints of solution, surface and solid state chemistries. Mediterranean Conference on Chemistry of Aquatic Systems (AquaChem04) in Honor of Professor Frank J. Millero, Reggio Calabria, Italy, September 4-8, 2004.

9. Quinn K.A., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (2004) Yttrium and rare earth element adsorption onto freshly precipitated hydroxides of Fe(III), Al, Ga, and In. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68(11S), A328. Special Supplement: Abstracts of the 14^th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 5-11, 2004. Abstract 4.1.22.

8. Byrne R.H. and J. Schijf (2003) Scavenging in seawater: Use of rare earths, yttrium and platinum group elements to model the sorptive behavior of natural particles. Geophysical Research Abstracts 5, 13723. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice, France, April 6-11, 2003.

7. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2002) Stability constants for sulfate complexation of yttrium and the rare earth elements. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 83(47), F239. 2002 Fall Meeting Supplement. Abstract B72B-0770.

6. Savov I.P., J.G. Ryan, P. Mattie and J. Schijf (2000) Fluid-mobile element systematics of ultramafic xenoliths from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc: Implications for the chemical cycling in subduction zones. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 81(48), F1354. 2000 Fall Meeting Supplement. Abstract V21C-02.

5. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar, J.R. Wijbrans and W.M. Landing (1990) Rare earth elements distributions in the Black Sea. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 71(2), 139. 1990 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Abstract O32C-10.

4. de Baar H.J.W., J. Schijf, P.M. Saager and J.T.M. de Jong (1990) Transition metals in the anoxic hypersaline Bannock Basin, East Mediterranean. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 71(2), 85. 1990 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Abstract O12E-12.

3. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar and J.R. Wijbrans (1989) First reliable observations of rare earth elements in the Black Sea. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 70(29), 720. Abstract O32A-11 (Revision).

2. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar and E.H. Hebeda (1989) REE in anoxic brines of the East Mediterranean. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 70(20), 601. 1988 Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting.

1. Schijf J. and H.J.W. de Baar (1989) First reliable observations of rare earth elements in the Black Sea. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 70(15), 370. Abstract O32A-11.

32. Marshall K.S. and J. Schijf (2010) YREE sorption on hydrous ferric oxide in 0.5 M NaCl solutions: A model extension. Marine Chemistry, in preparation.

31. Schijf J., J.G. Catalano and A.M. Straka (2010) An extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study of YREE sorption on Ulva lactuca L. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in preparation.

30. Schijf J. and A. Heyes (2010) Evidence of mercury methylation by halophilic δ-proteobacteria. Geophysical Research Letters, in review.

29. Schijf J. and A.M. Ebling (2010) Investigation of the ionic strength dependence of Ulva lactuca acid functional group pK_as by manual alkalimetric titrations. Environmental Science & Technology 44, 1644-1649 (doi:10.1021/es9029667).

28. Short R.T., R.H. Byrne, D. Hollander, J. Schijf, S.K. Toler and E.S. Van Vleet (2009) Oceanography. In: R. Ekman, J. Silberring, A.M. Westman-Brinkmalm and A. Kraj (eds.) Mass Spectrometry. Instrumentation, Interpretation, and Applications. Chapter 9,
pp. 235-242. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY [ISBN 978-0-471-71395-1].

27. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2008) Comment on "An experimental study of the solubility and speciation of neodymium (III) fluoride in F-bearing aqueous solutions" by
A.A. Migdisov and A.E. Williams-Jones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, 5574-5577 (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.023) [Response by Migdisov and Williams-Jones (2008) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 5578-5579].

26. Schijf J. (2007) Alkali elements (Na, K, Rb) and alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) in the anoxic brine of Orca Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico. Chemical Geology 243, 255-274 (doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.06.011).

25. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2007) Progressive dolomitization of Florida limestone recorded by alkaline earth element concentrations in saline, geothermal, submarine springs. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 112, C01003, doi:10.1029/2006JC003659.

24. Quinn K.A., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (2007) Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide: Influence of temperature. Environmental Science & Technology 41, 541-546 (doi:10.1021/es0618191).

23. Quinn K.A., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (2006) Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide: Influence of solution complexation with carbonate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 4151-4165 (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.014).

22. Quinn K.A., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (2006) Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide: Influence of pH and ionic strength. Marine Chemistry 99, 128-150 (doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.05.011).

21. Quinn K.A., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (2004) Comparative scavenging of yttrium and the rare earth elements in seawater: Competitive influences of solution and surface chemistry. Aquatic Geochemistry 10, 59-80 (doi:10.1023/B:AQUA.0000038959.03886.60).

20. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2004) Determination of SO₄β1 for yttrium and the rare earth elements at I = 0.66 m and t = 25°C—Implications for YREE solution speciation in sulfate-rich waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 2825-2837 (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.003).

19. Cosden J.M., J. Schijf and R.H. Byrne (2003) Fractionation of platinum group elements in aqueous systems: Comparative kinetics of palladium and platinum removal from seawater by Ulva lactuca L. Environmental Science & Technology 37, 555-560 (doi:10.1021/es0259234).

18. Savov I., J. Ryan, I. Haydoutov and J. Schijf (2001) Late Precambrian Balkan-Carpathian ophiolite – a slice of the Pan-African ocean crust?: geochemical and tectonic insights from the Tcherni Vrah and Deli Jovan massifs, Bulgaria and Serbia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 110, 299-318 (doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00216-5).

17. Toler S.K., P. Hallock and J. Schijf (2001) Mg/Ca ratios in stressed foraminifera, Amphistegina gibbosa, from the Florida Keys. Marine Micropaleontology 43, 199-206 (doi:10.1016/S0377-8398(01)00034-2).

16. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (2001) Stability constants for mono- and dioxalato-complexes of Y and the REE, potentially important species in groundwaters and surface freshwaters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 1037-1046 (doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00591-3).

15. Schijf J. and R.H. Byrne (1999) Determination of stability constants for the mono- and difluoro-complexes of Y and the REE, using a cation-exchange resin and ICP-MS. Polyhedron 18, 2839-2844 (doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(99)00205-3).

14. Byrne R.H. and J. Schijf (1998) Comment on "Rare earth elements as geochemical tracers of regional groundwater mixing" by K.H. Johannesson, K.J. Stetzenbach and V.F. Hodge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 2199-2200 (doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00151-3) [Response by Johannesson et al. (1998) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 2201-2206].

13. Bernstein R.E., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (1998) Acantharians: A missing link in the oceanic biogeochemistry of barium. Deep-Sea Research Part I 45, 491-505 (doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00095-2).

12. Liu X., R.H. Byrne and J. Schijf (1997) Comparative coprecipitation of phosphate and arsenate with yttrium and the rare earths: The influence of solution complexation. Journal of Solution Chemistry 26, 1187-1198 (doi:10.1023/A:1022933224074).

11. Saager P.M., H.J.W. de Baar, J.T.M. de Jong, R.F. Nolting and J. Schijf (1997) Hydrography and local sources of dissolved trace metals Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry 57, 195-216 (doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00038-8).

10. Byrne R.H., X. Liu and J. Schijf (1996) The influence of phosphate coprecipitation on rare earth distributions in natural waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 3341-3346 (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00197-4).

9. Schijf J. and H.J.W. de Baar (1995) Rare earth element exchange through the Bosporus: The Black Sea as a net source of REEs to the Mediterranean Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 3503-3509 (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00233-P).

8. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar and F.J. Millero (1995) Vertical distributions and speciation of dissolved rare earth elements in the anoxic brines of Bannock Basin, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 3285-3299 (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00219-P).

7. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar and F.J. Millero (1994) Kinetics of Ce and Nd scavenging in Black Sea waters. Marine Chemistry 46, 345-359 (doi:10.1016/0304-4203(94)90031-0).

6. Saager P.M., J. Schijf and H.J.W. de Baar (1993) Trace-metal distributions in seawater and anoxic brines in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 1419-1432 (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90003-F).

5. de Baar H.J.W., C. Brussaard, J. Hegeman, J. Schijf and M.H.C. Stoll (1993) Sea-trials of three different methods for non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater during the JGOFS North Atlantic Pilot Study. Marine Chemistry 41, 145-152 (doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93)90112-2).

4. Schijf J. (1992) Aqueous Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in Marine Anoxic Basins. Ph.D. dissertation. Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences (Geochemistry), University of Utrecht, The Netherlands [Geologica Ultraiectina, Mededelingen van de Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht,
No. 85. Drukkerij Elinkwijk B.V., Utrecht. 256 pp. ISBN 90-71577-40-6].

3. Schijf J., H.J.W. de Baar, J.R. Wijbrans and W.M. Landing (1991) Dissolved rare earth elements in the Black Sea. In J.W. Murray (Ed.), Black Sea Oceanography - Results from the 1988 Black Sea Expedition. Deep-Sea Research 38(Suppl. 2), S805-S823 (no electronic full text available).

2. de Baar H.J.W., J. Schijf and R.H. Byrne (1991) Solution chemistry of the rare earth elements in seawater. European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry 28, 357-373 (no electronic full text available).

1. Hebeda E.H. and J. Schijf (1991) Bleeding CCl₂F₂ as a tool to enhance the emission of metal ions and to suppress isobaric interferences by oxide ions during a multi-element analysis of rare earth elements on a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 104, 227-234 (doi:10.1016/0168-1176(91)80011-B).

Fall Semester:

MEES 626 Environmental Geochemistry I (3 credits). M+W 8:30-10. IVN-based. Textbook: Aquatic Chemistry 3^rd ed. (W. Stumm and J.J. Morgan) Wiley-Interscience. This course is designed to teach a broad range of environmental science students the foundations of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics as it applies to the composition of natural waters. The contents are focused on four processes that are major regulating forces in geochemical cycles: (i) pH control by the carbonate system; (ii) speciation of elements in solution; (iii) sorption of elements at the solid-solution interface; and (iv) redox chemistry. The main objective of the course is the development of quantitative skills, which will be practiced by means of in-class exercises and weekly problem sets. Final grades will be derived in part from these homework assignments, as well as from one midterm and one final exam. While there are currently no formal prerequisites to register, a basic understanding of equilibrium reactions and some familiarity with calculus and numerical analysis will be assumed. This course will be a prerequisite to register for MEES627 (Environmental Geochemistry II) and is strongly recommended for all MEES Environmental Chemistry and Oceanography AOS students.

Spring Semester (odd years):

MEES 608T Applications of State-of-the-Art Analytical Techniques in the Environmental Sciences (2 credits). F 9-11. IVN-based. Seminar-style course in which the principles underlying a variety of analytical techniques and their most innovative applications are discussed. Examples include mass spectrometric, spectrophotometric, X-ray spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques that are used to study nutrients, carbonate system parameters, stable and radioactive isotopes, and trace metals.

Please check the University of Maryland MEES Program course listing for further details.

Funded projects:

12. "Investigating YREE co-precipitation with phosphate and biogenic aragonite as possible indicators of ocean acidification." National Science Foundation ($403,536). Johan Schijf (PI). Period covered 09/01/09-08/31/12.

11. "UMCES technical support for pH and metal issues in dredge sediment disposal." Maryland Environmental Service ($29,327). Jeffrey C. Cornwell, UMCES/HPL (PI) and Johan Schijf (Co-PI). Period covered 11/01/08-12/31/09.

10. "An XAFS study of yttrium and rare earth element sorption on hydrated organic and inorganic surfaces." ANL Advanced Photon Source (recommended for 6 8-hour shifts at GSECARS station 13BM-D). Johan Schijf (PI), Robert H. Byrne, USF (PI), Kelly A. Quinn, USF (Co-PI), and Alison M. Straka, UMCES/CBL (Co-PI). Period covered: APS runs 2009-1 through 2010-3.

9. "A New Hypothesis for Interpreting the Sedimentary Cerium Anomaly Paleo-Redox Proxy in Oil Shale Depositional Environments: The Influence of Particulate Carrier Fluxes (Mn, Fe, Algal Tissue)." American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund ($100,000). Johan Schijf (PI). Period covered 01/01/09-12/31/10.

8. “A Comprehensive Combined ICP-MS/XAFS Study of Transition Metal Sorption on a Natural Organic Substrate.” National Science Foundation ($327,463). Johan Schijf (PI). Period covered 03/01/08-02/28/11.

7. "Preliminary Investigation of Growth-Related Effects on Trace Metal Uptake by a Marine Macroalga, Induced by Changes in Nutrient Loads, Turbidity, and Temperature." Maryland Sea Grant ($8,000). Johan Schijf (PI). Period covered 02/01/08-01/31/09.

6. "Photosynthetic Effects on the Uptake and Intercellular Deposition of Iron and Manganese by Sea Lettuce." ANL Advanced Photon Source (recommended for 12 8-hour shifts at GSECARS station 13BM-D). Johan Schijf (PI) and Katherine E. Davis, UMCES/CBL (co-PI). Period covered: APS runs 2008-2 through 2010-1.

5. "An XAFS study of yttrium and rare earth element sorption on hydrated organic and inorganic surfaces." ANL Advanced Photon Source (recommended for 24 8-hour shifts at GSECARS station 13BM-D). Robert H. Byrne, USF (PI), Johan Schijf (PI), Kelly A. Quinn, USF (Co-PI), and Jeffrey G. Catalano, WUStL (Co-PI). Period covered: APS runs 2007-1 through 2008-3.

4. “Collaborative Research: RUI – Dissolution Kinetics of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate in the Upper Water Column of the North Pacific.” National Science Foundation ($728,729). Victoria J. Fabry, CSUSM (PI), Andrew G. Dickson, UCSD/Scripps (PI), Robert H. Byrne, USF (PI), and Johan Schijf (Co-PI). Period covered 03/01/06–02/28/09.

3. “Particulate Speciation of Trace Metals in the Anoxic, Hypersaline Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico).” University of South Florida New Researcher Grant ($9,850). Johan Schijf (PI). Period covered 05/01/05-04/31/06.

2. “Investigations of the Influence of Solution Chemistry on YREE Interactions with Particle Surfaces.” National Science Foundation ($450,000). Robert H. Byrne, USF (PI) and Johan Schijf (Co-PI). Period covered 03/15/02-02/28/06.

1. “Retrospective Analysis of Florida Bay Salinity Using the Geochemistry of Calcium Carbonate Organisms." University of South Florida/United States Geological Survey Cooperative Research Center for Coastal Geology ($10,000). Robert H. Byrne, USF (PI), Johan Schijf (Co-PI) and Robert B. Halley (USGS contact). Period covered
10/01/96-09/30/97.